Se "mwoyo" wetransformer, musimboti wesimbi une basa rakakosha mukushandura simba remagetsi. Haungokanganisi mashandiro esimba etransformer chete, asiwo zvine chekuita nehukuru, huremu, uye kuvimbika kwekushanda kwemidziyo. Kushanduka kwezvinhu zvesimbi, kubva kusimbi yakachena yeindasitiri kusvika kualloys dzisina chimiro nhasi, kwave kuchiona kukura kwakanaka kwetekinoroji yetransformer.
Basa guru uye zvinodiwa pakushanda kwesimbi huru
Basa guru re transformer core nderekupa magnetic circuit inoshanda zvakanaka, zvichiita kuti simba remagetsi rifambiswe pakati pemacircuit akasiyana kuburikidza nepfungwa ye electromagnetic induction. Kushanda kwe iron core kunokanganisa zvakananga zviratidzo zvehunyanzvi uye zvehupfumi zve transformer. Zvinodiwa zvekutanga zvezvinhu zve iron core ndeizvi: kurasikirwa kwakaderera kwe iron core pane imwe frequency uye magnetic flux density, uye high magnetic flux density pane imwe magnetic field strength.
Kurasikirwa kwepakati kunosanganisira zvikamu zviviri: kurasikirwa nehysteresis uye kurasikirwa ne eddy current. Kurasikirwa ne hysteresis kwakabatana nekuoma kwemagnetization yezvinhu, nepo kurasikirwa ne eddy current kunokonzerwa ne circulating current inokonzerwa ne alternating magnetic flux mu iron core. Kuti kuderedza kurasikirwa uku, iron core inodiwa inofanira kunge iine high electrical resistivity, high magnetic permeability, uye low coercivity.
Maitiro ekushanduka kwezvinhu zvesimbi
Kugadzirwa kwezvinhu zve transformer core kwave nerwendo rurefu uye runonakidza. Ma transformer core ekutanga aishandisa waya yesimbi yekabhoni kana simbi yekabhoni sezvinhu zvemagineti. Muna 1885, fekitori yeGunz muHungary yakagadzira transformer yekutanga yechikamu chimwe chete ine circuit yemagineti yakavharwa, uye core yayo yesimbi yakagadzirwa nemhando iyi yezvinhu.
Muna 1900, RA Hadfield, mumwe murume wekuEngland, nevamwe vakaona kuti kuwedzera silicon musimbi isina kusimba kunogona kuvandudza resistivity, kuderedza eddy current uye hysteresis kurasikirwa, uye kuderedza chiitiko che "core age". Muna 1903, United States neGermany vakatanga kugadzira hot-rolled silicon steel sheets, zvichiratidza kutanga kwenguva yesilicon steel sheets.
Mapepa esimbi esilicon anoputirwa nekupisa ane matambudziko akadai sekushanda zvisina kuenzana uye kurasikirwa kwakanyanya. Muma1930, kufambira mberi kwakaitwa mu tekinoroji yemapepa esimbi esilicon anoputirwa nechando. Muna 1933, Gauss akashandisa nzira mbiri dzekugadzira nekugadzira simbi ye3% Si ine magnetic properties yakakwira munzira yekutenderera. Muna 1935, Armco Steel Company yeUnited States yakabatana neWestinghouse Company kuti vatange kugadzira simbi yesilicon inoputirwa nechando.
Mushure mema1960, nyika huru dzakabudirira dzakamira zvishoma nezvishoma kugadzira machira esimbi esilicon anoputirwa nekupisa ndokutanga kushandisa machira esimbi esilicon anoputirwa nechando nekushanda kuri nani. Muna 1964, Nippon Steel Corporation yeJapan yakagadzira machira esimbi esilicon anoputirwa nechando (Hi-B steel), zvichideredza kurasikirwa kwematransformer pasina mutoro.
Mumakore ekuma1970, zvinhu zvisina chimiro chakafanana zvakatanga kushandiswa padanho rekare. Muna 1974, United Microelectronics Corporation yakagadzira ma alloys asina chimiro chakafanana nesimbi, uye muna 1978, United States yakagadzira ma transformer esimbi asina chimiro chakafanana nesimbi ane 10KVA. Rudzi urwu rutsva rwezvinhu rune hunhu hwekurasikirwa nesimbi kwakaderera, 1/3-1/5 chete yema silicon steel sheets echinyakare, zvichivhura nguva itsva yekuchengetedza simba rema transformer.
Mhando huru uye hunhu hwesimbi huru yezvinhu
pepa resimbi resilicon
Silikoni simbi jira rakapfava rine magineti resilicon iron ine kabhoni shoma, kazhinji ine silicon iri pakati pe0.5-4.5%. Kuwedzera silicon kunogona kuwedzera simba remagetsi uye simba remagetsi resimbi, kuderedza simba remagetsi, kurasikirwa nepakati, uye kukwegura kwemagnetic. Mapepa esimbi esilicon anogona kukamurwa muzvikamu zviviri: anoputirwa nekupisa uye anoputirwa nechando, uye anoputirwa nechando achipatsanurwa muzvikamu zvakasiyana-siyana.
Pepa resimbi resilicon rakaputirwa risina kurongeka rinomirira alloy ye0.5% ~ 4.0% (Si + Al), iyo inoputirwa nechando kusvika ku0.65mm, 0.5mm, uye 0.35mm yozobva yavharwa uye yaputirwa kuti iite. Rudzi rwayo rwezviyo rwakapararira, uye ine hunhu hwemagineti hwakafanana kumativi ese.
Simbi yesilicon yakatenderedzwa ine simba remagineti rakakwira uye ine simba rekurasikirwa rakaderera munzira inogoneka kutenderedzwa, izvo zvinosangana nezvinodiwa zvemagetsi zvemidziyo yesimba rakamira senge matransformer. Avhareji yekona yekutsauka kwegiraini yesimbi yesilicon yakatenderedzwa (CGO) inenge 7 °, uye saturation magnetic susceptibility value B8 iri pamusoro pe1.82 Tesla; Avhareji yekona yekutsauka kwegiraini yesimbi yesilicon yakatenderedzwa (Hi-B) inenge 3 °, uye B8 iri pamusoro pe1.90 Tesla.
chiwanikwa chisina chimiro
Amorphous alloy chinhu chinoshanda chesimbi chine maatomu akapararira zvisina tsarukano mu matrix yezvinhu, ane chimiro che "girazi". Alloy yakajairika isina morphous ine 80% yesimbi, nezvimwe zvikamu zviri boron nesilicon. Chinhu ichi chine hunhu hwesimba re magnetic induction strength (1.54T), simba re magnetic permeability yakakwira, simba rekuburitsa simba rakaderera, uye kurasikirwa kwesimbi kwakaderera zvakanyanya.
Kurasikirwa kwesimbi kubva kusimbi inokonzerwa nesimbi inongova chikamu chimwe muzvitatu kusvika chikamu chimwe muzvishanu chesimbi dzesimbi dzakagadzirwa nesilicon, izvo zvinoderedza kurasikirwa kweamorphous alloy transformers pasina mutoro ne70% kusvika 80% zvichienzaniswa nesimbi dzekare dzesilicon. Kuwanda kwemagnetic flux density yeamorphous alloys kwakaderera (inenge 1.5T), saka magnetic flux density yakayerwa inowanzo sarudzwa se1.3-1.4T.
Ukobvu hwesimbi isina chimiro hwakatetepa zvakanyanya, 0.03mm chete, zvichiita kuti simbi isina chimiro ive nechikamu che 80% chete. Kunyangwe simbi dzisina chimiro dzakaita seamorphous cruise dzine simba rakaderera pane simbi dzesilicon, huremu hwesimbi huchiri hushoma.
Dhizaini yechimiro chepakati
Magadzirirwo echimiro chemukati wetransformer akachinjawo zvakanyanya. Kubva pachirimwa chesimbi chakareruka chakagadzirwa nelaminated, kusvika pachirimwa chesimbi chakaita seC, uyezve kusvika pachirimwa chesimbi chakaita serin'i (coiled iron core), chivakwa chimwe nechimwe chine hunhu hwacho nezvakanakira.
Chikamu chesimbi chakatenderera chinogadzirwa nesimbi yesilicon inomonereka, senge chitubu chewachi chakasimba. Rudzi urwu rwechikamu chesimbi chine magnetic circuit inoenderera mberi isina mhepo inobuda, zvichikonzera kusagadzikana kwemagineti uye kushanda zvakanaka. Kana tichienzanisa nematransformer ane laminated ane simba rakafanana, matransformer etoroidal ane mabhenefiti ehukuru hudiki, huremu hwakareruka, uye kudonha kwemagnetic kwakaderera.
Kune ma transformer asina chimiro, nekuda kwekuoma kwekucheka zvinhu zvavo, anowanzo gadzirwa semagadzirirwo esimbi akamonerwa. Chimiro chepakati che transformer yechikamu chimwe chete ifuremu, nepo chimiro chepakati che transformer yechikamu chetatu chinoumbwa nekubatanidza mafuremu mana muchimiro chakafanana nechimiro chekoramu shanu chechikamu chetatu. Chimiro ichi chinoita kuti kutenderera kwechikamu chimwe nechimwe kuiswe pamafuremu maviri akazvimiririra e magnetic circuit, zvichibvisa zvinobudirira simba re third harmonic magnetic flux.
Maitiro ekugadzira zvinhu zvesimbi
Maitiro ekugadzira mapepa esimbi esilicon akaomarara, kunyanya mapepa esimbi esilicon akatarisana. Maitiro ekugadzira acho akaomarara, hwindo rekugadzira rakamanikana, uye kuoma kwekugadzira kwakanyanya. Inozivikanwa se "mabasa emaoko ezvigadzirwa zvesimbi".
Maitiro ekugadzira machira esimbi esilicon asina kutenderedzwa nechando anowanzo sanganisira: mabhillet esimbi anotenderedzwa nechando kana mabhillet anokandwa mumabhara ane ukobvu hweinenge 2.3mm, zvichiteverwa nekusuka neacid, kukanda nechando, kukanda, uye kuputira firimu. Kune zvigadzirwa zvesilicon zvine silicon yakawanda, zvinodikanwa kutanga zvajairika pa800-850 ℃ mushure mekukanda nechando, zvichiteverwa nekusuka neacid, kukanda nechando kusvika pakukora kwakati, kukanda, uye kukanda nechando zvishoma nezvishoma, uye pakupedzisira kukanda nechando.
Nzira inonyanya kushandiswa pakugadzira alloys dzisina chimiro ndeyekupfapfaidza utsi hwesimbi yakanyungudutswa pafuremu inotenderera mhangura inomhanya zvikuru, uye simbi yakanyungudutswa inotonhodzwa yozosimba kuita mbabvu dzakatetepa nechiyero che106 ℃/s. Kumanikidzwa kwakanyanya kwemukati kunoumbwa nekudzima kunofanira kuderedzwa nekunamirwa pakati pe200 ℃ ne280 ℃ kuti pave nemasimba akanaka emagineti.
Mabhenefiti ekuchengetedza simba emidziyo yesimbi
Matransformer akawanda uye ane simba guru mumagetsi, zvichikonzera kurasikirwa kukuru. Zvinofungidzirwa kuti kurasikirwa kwese kwematransformer muChina kunopa inenge 10% yemagetsi anowanikwa mumagetsi emagetsi. Kuderedzwa kwega kwega kwe1% kwekurasikirwa kunogona kuchengetedza mabhiriyoni emakilowatt maawa emagetsi pagore.
Matransformer esimbi akagadzirwa neamorphous ane simba rakawanda rekuchengetedza simba. Kurasikirwa kwe SH12 series amorphous alloy core transformers pasina mutoro kunoderedzwa neinenge 75% zvichienzaniswa neS9 series silicon steel transformers. Kunyangwe matransformer esimbi akagadzirwa neamorphous alloy achidhura kupfuura matransformer echinyakare, mari yekushanda kwawo yakaderera zvikuru, uye nguva yekubhadhara mari inowanzo kuve pakati pemakore 2-5.
Matunhu akasimukira mune zveupfumi anomiririrwa nemapurovhinzi eShanghai, Jiangsu, neZhejiang ashandisa matransformer emhando yeAmorphous Alloy pamwero mukuru. Jiangsu Electric Power Company inotoronga kuisa mitsetse mitsva neyakagadziriswazve mune ramangwana, uye kushandiswa kwematransformer emhando yeAmorphous Alloy hakufanirwe kunge kuri pasi pe30%.
Mafambiro ekugadzirwa kwezvinhu zvesimbi
Zvinhu zvesimbi zviri kukura zvichikonzera kurasikirwa nesimbi shoma uye induction ine simba remagineti yakawanda. Kune simbi dzesilicon, kusanganisira simbi yesilicon isina kurongeka kuti ishandiswe mukuderedza kurasikirwa nesimbi shoma, mota dzinoshanda zvakanaka, simbi yesilicon ine simba remagineti yakawanda, uye simbi yesilicon yakawanda yemidziyo yemagetsi inochengetedza simba iri pakati nepakati uye ine simba remagineti akawanda.
Simbi ine silicon yakawanda (Si Fe alloy ine 4.5% ~ 6.7% Si) ine hunhu hwekurasikirwa nesimbi zvakanyanya pahuwandu hwema frequency, magnetic permeability yakanyanya, uye low coercivity. Asi huwandu hwayo muSi hwakanyanya, uye plasticity yayo yakaderera zvakanyanya patembiricha yemumba, zvichiita kuti zviome kutenderedzwa nekuumbwa. Parizvino, zvinhu zveSi Fe alloy zvisina kurongeka zvinonyanya kugadzirwa kuburikidza ne silicon infiltration process.
Zvinhu zvakagadziriswa nano nezvinhu zvakagadzirwa nebio ndeimwe yenzira dzekuvandudza mune ramangwana. Nekuwedzera kuri kuita kudiwa kwekuchengetedzwa kwezvakatipoteredza, kugadzirwa kwezvinhu zvisina chepfu, zvinoora, kana zvinogona kudzokororwazve zvesimbi zvichave nzira yakakosha yekutsvagisa.
Mhedziso
Kushanduka kwezvinhu zve transformer core kwave kuchiona musanganiswa wakakwana wesainzi yezvinhu uye uinjiniya wemagetsi. Kubva kusimbi yakajairwa yekabhoni kusvika kumapepa esimbi esilicon, uye zvakare kusvika kuma alloys asina chimiro, kufambira mberi kwese kwezvinhu kwakavandudza zvakanyanya mwero wekushandisa simba kwema transformer.
Munyika yanhasi umo kuchengetedza simba nekuderedza kusvibiswa kwemhepo kwave kubvumirana pasi rose, kusarudzwa kwezvinhu zvinoshanda zvesimbi hakunei chete nekubatsira kwehupfumi, asiwo mutoro wezvakatipoteredza. Mune ramangwana, nekubuda kwezvinhu zvitsva nemaitiro matsva, ma transformer cores acharamba achikura kusvika pakurasikirwa kwakaderera uye kushanda zvakanaka, zvichibatsira mukuvaka sisitimu yesimba regirini uye ine kabhoni shoma.
Nguva yekutumira: Nyamavhuvhu-29-2025
